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Using consequences to decrease the frequency of an undesired behavior is identified as punishment. This concept in behavior analysis involves implementing a consequence that follows a behavior, which reduces the likelihood of that behavior occurring in the future.

Punishment can take two forms: positive punishment, which involves adding an unpleasant consequence after the undesired behavior, and negative punishment, which entails removing a pleasant stimulus following the behavior. Both forms aim to decrease the occurrence of the behavior.

In contrast, positive reinforcement aims to increase a behavior by providing a desirable stimulus after the behavior occurs, while negative reinforcement seeks to increase behavior by removing an aversive stimulus. Extinction refers to the process of no longer providing reinforcement for a behavior, which eventually leads to a decrease in that behavior, but it operates under a different mechanism than punishment.

Thus, the concept of using consequences specifically to reduce unwanted behavior aligns with the principles of punishment in behavior analysis.