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Response cost is a key concept in behavior analysis that refers to the removal of a reinforcer following an undesired behavior. This technique is grounded in the principles of operant conditioning, where the consequences of behavior influence the likelihood of that behavior occurring again. In the case of response cost, when an individual engages in a behavior that is deemed undesirable, a previously earned reinforcer is taken away as a consequence. This serves to decrease the future occurrence of that behavior, effectively shaping the individual's behavior by leveraging the loss of reinforcement.

This method can be seen as a negative punishment strategy; the removal of a valuable reinforcer thereby decreases the likelihood of the undesired behavior. The process is often implemented in various settings, including schools and therapy situations, where specific behaviors need modification. For example, if a child loses tokens for misbehavior, this removal acts as a clear and immediate consequence that helps to teach self-regulation and accountability.

The other options relate to different behavioral strategies. The addition of a reinforcer for desirable behaviors focuses on reinforcement rather than punishment, while providing emotional support after a mistake offers encouragement instead of directly addressing undesired behaviors. Reducing the amount of reinforcement provided is more aligned with the concept of thinning reinforcement schedules rather than a direct response cost approach